internationella-resurser [QMRA]

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====== Internationella resurser ======
På denna sida har vi samlat några viktiga internationella resurser. En del av detta material ligger till grund för upplägget av det svenska QMRA-verktyget, särskilt MicroRisk-projektet. Annat material kan användas för att fördjupa sig i QMRA-metodiken och öka förståelsen för hur QMRA kan användas som ett beslutsstöd.

==== EU-projektet MICRORISK ====
The aim of MICRORISK was to develop a microbial risk assessment process which will contribute to the decision making process for risk management of drinking water. The drinking water production chain is integrated in a single knowledge framework and its reliability towards peak events, calamities and outbreaks will be determined. The elements of this framework are Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) and the Water Safety Plan. The implementation of the framework aspires to ‘benchmark’ the policy making process for safe design and operation of European Union water supplies.

**Providing the scientific basis for managing safe drinking water from source to tap**
MICRORISK has collected data on failures of water systems in Europe that lead to waterborne outbreaks, on pathogens in EU water sources, on the removal of pathogens by different water treatment processes, ingress of pathogens in water distribution networks and consumption of tap water. MICRORISK has developed a risk assessment framework to combine and process this information to support safe design and operation of water supply systems in the EU.

**A risk assessment – risk management framework and the scientific data to fill it.
**MICRORISK has provided a wealth of data on waterborne outbreaks, pathogen occurrence in water sources, efficacy of water treatment processes, distribution network safety and the impact of (peak) events and system failures. The MICRORISK data and risk assessment framework is used by water utilities to evaluate the safety of their water supply systems.

För vidare läsning [[https://www.kwrwater.nl/en/projecten/microrisk-microbiological-risk-assessment/|se hemsida på KWR-water, Nederländerna]].

==== Watershare ====
Watershare is an international network that brings together knowledge and expertise in various thematic areas. in Watershare, knowledge institutions and utilities from all over the world carry out projects jointly and exchange technologies in the field of the public water sector. The technologies are developed by the members – including KWR – and find applications in a variety of areas, such as water management, water treatment and transport, water quality and health, and sustainability. Through the wide application of models and methods within Watershare, the collaborating knowledge institutions and utilities are able to better serve their end-users.

För vidare läsning [[https://www.kwrwater.nl/en/samenwerkingen/watershare/|se hemsida på KWR-water, Nederländerna]].

==== Quantitative microbial risk assessment (bok utgiven av WHO) ====
The World Health Organization’s (WHO) water quality guidelines recommend a preventive, risk-based approach to water quality management from source to exposure for the management of microbial hazards. Risk assessment therefore plays a central role in implementing the guidelines as a critical component of water safety plans and sanitation safety plans. Several risk assessment approaches are available, ranging from risk scoring in sanitary inspections and risk matrices to quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA).

For the first time, WHO synthesizes the current knowledge on QMRA to facilitate its application in the practice of water supply, water reuse and water recreation to support the management of risks associated with faecal pathogens in the waterrelated context. A four-step QMRA framework harmonized across the water supply, reuse and recreation contexts is presented, and the value of QMRA for water safety management is described.

Guidance is provided to support the successful implementation of QMRA. Key aspects include: the role of interaction between risk managers and risk assessors; interpretation of scientific data including uncertainty; and interpretation of quantitative results. Many examples including six full case studies are described.

För vidare läsning och nerladdning av boken, [[https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/qmra/en/|se WHO:s hemsida]].

==== Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) Wiki (internationell Wiki) ====
The QMRA Wiki is a community portal for current quantitative information and knowledge developed for the Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) field. It is an evolving knowledge repository intended to be the go to reference source for the microbial risk assessment community. 

Öppna denna QMRA-wiki [[http://qmrawiki.org|här]].